أرشيف الوسم: السكن

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected our lives in many ways, and just like the rest of the world, social and economic sectors in Kuwait suffered greatly. A tremendous impact on individuals and institutions has been seen as a result.

While the world is adapting gradually to the pandemic and we have started the gradual reopening of the economy and returning to our previous way of life, we must pause and analyze the experience that we have been through since February 2020, and draw a new trajectory for the future.

Our urban paradigm is one of the most critical aspects that needs to be reviewed and given careful consideration. We need to realize that the identification of a new urban model is crucial for ensuring future prosperity and sustainability. This Post-Pandemic Urban Paradigm should be built on seven fundamental pillars:

Leadership and administration:

The sudden occurrence of the pandemic and the measures that followed have to provide us a lesson in the importance of selecting leaders and managers based on their merit and qualifications. In times of difficulty, the state can only face challenges with a strong team of qualified, experienced, and wise leaders.

We have to put emergency plans in place, ready for implementation, and support them logistically in a way that allows our cities to face disasters of all kinds. Following the path of leading cities around the world, we have to be crisis-ready and prepared for the worst. It seems that the world is moving into a period of instability, where constant change will be the new norm.

Priority setting:

High oil revenues that we have enjoyed since our independence allowed us to follow a specific developmental path. This path formulated the urban environment in Kuwait and contributed to the creation of certain consumption habits and ways of life that have characterized the Kuwaiti and GCC citizens.

However, the pandemic and its consequences must force us to rearrange our development priorities and re-evaluate our lifestyles as individuals. The government has a more significant role in identifying a smarter spending scheme and addressing the following:

• Spending wisely and paying more attention to the long-term cost of megaprojects.
• It is time to bring the environment to the forefront of our priorities. We must address the environmental impact of urban projects and realize the high cost of urban sprawl and its consequent effects on transport and the side costs of infrastructure, energy, and water. We need to be aware of the adverse effects that this leaves on our natural environment (seas and desert) and their condition for future generations.
• Perhaps we must consider focusing on the development of existing mismanaged urban land and find better ways to wisely utilize it, rather than moving toward continued urban sprawl. It is more economically and environmentally feasible to repurpose existing neighborhoods and to additionally rehabilitate old buildings and structures to serve our emerging needs in the post-pandemic era.

Smart systems:

The pandemic has illustrated that cities that employed smart systems before the crisis benefited from these technologies to collect and analyze data and manage procedures. Thus, we must take firm steps toward equipping our urban environment with smart systems that empower our cities to utilize the latest technologies. These would manage security, public transport, emergency services, entertainment, and other services while taking into consideration the legal aspects to protect an individual’s rights and privacy.

Modern technologies and tools can improve the quality of life in cities and contribute to protecting the public during emergencies, such as:

• Provide open access sharing platforms that allow citizens to submit information that may serve decision-makers.
• Solicit community efforts to participate in solving local challenges.
• Support the digital economy as a central component, especially during the pandemic.
• Activate social media platforms to create a positive public domain, to compensate for the diminishing public spaces.

Population density and composition:

The pandemic has brought with it feelings of fear of high population densities in urban areas. Citizens have expressed concerns over a lack of resources and health services. They are increasingly worried about shanty town housing in places like Jleeb, Farwaniya, and other areas.

There have been calls for a decrease in population size and applying pressure to ex-pat workers, all the while acknowledging a real problem within the population and a high percentage of exploited unorganized workers and the spread of the illegal work contracts trade. The problem is complex and requires careful study and a proper plan that achieves high social and economic returns. Thus, we should seek to fix the quality of the population rather than merely its quantity.

The quality of homes and residential neighborhoods:

Houses and residential neighborhoods are the main components of any city; thus, they demand special attention. During the Covid-19 pandemic and the various levels of lockdown, cities should review their design and pay more attention to the quality of residential neighborhoods to ensure the welfare of its residents. It is time to focus on urban design and implement small interventions to improve local environments, such as:

• Develop local parks, children’s playgrounds, and youth sports fields.
• Build upon the success of the walking tracks within residential neighborhoods, and develop a model of linear parks that raises the quality of the tracks and the overall environment.
• To support the efforts of the Cooperative Societies, which played a critical role during the pandemic, and provided valuable services to local communities. Coops must be enabled to be engaged more in the provision of various social, commercial, and urban services, to create local independence and sufficiency within residential neighborhoods. Thus, lowering the need for travel.

Public transport:

The pandemic shocked the basis of urban services and caused significant doubt in the role of cities, high-density urban areas, and public transport.

Before the pandemic, Kuwait was suffering from severe traffic problems and a high dependency on private vehicles. The average Kuwaiti spends at least one hour a day commuting to work, and the state spends billions of dollars in road improvement and expansions, and tens of millions on annual road maintenance.

After the pandemic, it will be time to review our planning model and seek feasible alternatives. World cities are transforming and redesigning their road networks to create a better urban milieu:

• More emphasis must be given to pedestrian networks, to encourage walking, observe social distancing, and to provide the highest levels of comfort and safety for all.
• Redesign our roads to provide adequate bicycle lanes, achieve safety and comfort to encourage more use.
• Allocate special lanes for public transport (buses and taxis), to increase efficiency and encourage more use.
• Increase spending on public transport to improve their quality and fulfill health and safety requirements to attract more users of all ages and economic backgrounds.
• Encourage working from home and plan for a diversity of uses to decrease the need for travel, thus reducing traffic congestion.

Health and hygiene:

The pandemic illustrated the importance of urban health and hygiene. Kuwait Municipality spends enormously on waste collection contracts, which employs tens of thousands of laborers to keep our neighborhoods clean. However, the pandemic and its consequences must lead us to find better ways to manage waste and keep our cities clean. Aspects we should consider:

• Change of personal habits and adopting wiser practices to lower our waste and increase recycling.
• Increase fines for environmental pollution and waste.
• Encourage individuals and establishments to participate in efforts to manage waste and allocate central locations within neighborhoods and blocks to dispose of waste, which will decrease the need for laborers and trash collection trucks. This decrease will also lower the cost of waste management contracts.
• It is time to equip new neighborhoods with automated waste collection systems, which will lower the dependency on laborers and trucks while reducing the visual pollution that results from the distribution of garbage containers.

While the Covid-19 pandemic has affected almost every aspect of life, it is vital to learn lessons from it when planning for the future. The identification of a new urban model for this Post-Pandemic Urban Paradigm has been outlined in this article through seven fundamental pillars. From ensuring competent leadership to rearranging our priorities, the implementation of smart systems and fixing issues inherent to our population, ensuring the quality of our homes and residential neighborhoods, and finally providing urban health and hygiene, we can be crisis-ready during periods of instability.

The Corona pandemic brought to the surface a set of problems that Kuwait suffers from in various administrative, economic, social, and other fields. Perhaps one of the topics that has been the most discussed is the issue of demographics and the need to adjust them.

One side effect of the unbalanced demographics of Kuwait is the housing of low-income expats. Due to caution directed toward the spread of infection, focus was placed on areas with a high concentration of labuorers, like Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh, Khaitan, and Bneid Al-Qar, among others. This increased the demand for the reduction of the number of expats as well as speeding up the creation of Labour Cities.

The Labour Cities concept is entirely unwise and necessarily leads to other problems. If it is considered as one of the alternative solutions, it will definitely lead to other complications that add to the problem of demographic imbalance. The magnitude of the problems related to the housing of foreign workers is obvious. Moreover, the Labour Cities solution may seem self-evident, but it is not necessarily the best or only choice.

This paper aims to make the case against the execution of Labour Cities projects and provide an alternative method to accommodate all expat workers within the metropolitan area.

Download Paper :

https://we.tl/t-n1ctleEMlO

We are facing an unprecedented global crisis. COVID-19 has greatly impacted all sectors and will undoubtedly affect our future in an unforeseen way. As such, it is wise to distill some lessons from this pandemic; we have to reassess our lifestyle and plan to make serious societal as well as structural changes on an individual and government level.

We must undertake a thorough review of our urban paradigms and sprawl that we have become accustomed to during the last fifty years. As individuals, we should examine our consumption habits and specifically evaluate the form of our dream home.

Below, we outline a list of aspects that must be considered in the design of houses post-pandemic.

Minimalism:

This pandemic exposed a scarcity in resources and taught harsh lessons on saving and conservation. Thus, we must seek to achieve minimalist designs that reduce, lower, and remove — rather than add. As we move forward, our core value should be that true beauty is in simplicity and that less is more.

Small:

We must reconsider the size of our homes and seek to find satisfaction with our actual needs. It is crucial to build what fits our daily lifestyle and view the house as a means of comfort — not as a consumption item used to express social status. We should realize that the small house is a necessity to save resources and lower our energy consumption.

Privacy:

It is known that privacy is one of the characteristics of Islamic and Arabic architecture. However, this quality was gradually lost. During long hours and days of curfew, we began to realize the importance of this unique architectural trait. And now, privacy should be valued for all residents as a major source of comfort in the home.

Exterior Space:

The curfew showed us the importance of enjoying the outdoors. We thought that our equipped homes with all its furnishings and amenities can substitute the need for outdoor spaces. Homeowners previously believed that any suggestion for a setback, courtyard, garden, or balcony were merely a waste of space and signs of design inefficiency. Hopefully, the experience of the curfew will push us to integrate outdoor spaces within our homes and increase the value of gardens, yards, balconies, and roof gardens.

Healthy Materials:

This pandemic also spotlights many neglected health measures. Today, we recognize the importance of the selection of building and finishing materials. A wise selection of materials makes our homes healthier, as we learned that we need to use anti-bacteria materials and easily cleaned surfaces.

Space Program:

The curfew illustrated the importance of the design of our homes and the creation of a balanced space program. We saw that many areas in our homes were unnecessary and other needs are neglected. Maybe we have exaggerated the allocation of large areas for guest and reception rooms. We witnessed the need for important spaces for storage, kitchen, home gym, home office, and others.

Also, more care must be given to the design of entryways to create a buffer zone that breaks the outdoor from the indoor and helps to keep infections out from the living space.

Energy Conservation:

A long time ago, many architects called for the importance of green buildings and environmentally friendly designs that respect the local setting. These practices were not popular, maybe due to the low cost of energy in the GCC countries. However, after an increased possibility of power shortages — especially during the summer months and stoppage of transportation — tourism and the yearly travel of hundreds of thousands of expats currently place us in a great and unfamiliar test.

Today, we are obliged to reconsider the designs of our homes and follow passive architectural techniques, placing more attention on insulation, restraint from using glass facades, employing modern technology to conserve energy, applying alternative energy tools, and considering the recycling of water whenever possible.

Security:

Obstacles brought on by this pandemic will occur in phases, and we are posed with various challenges — some concerned with safety and security. This will lead us to design our home with high security awareness. More attention will be given to the design of doors and windows. More homes will be equipped with surveillance, alarm, and communication systems.

Finally, these are rough ideas and under development. It is likely that the upcoming days will reveal more inspirations that will help us to adapt better with our circumstances.

We will overcome this crisis, but more importantly, gain lessons and insights from this outstanding experience and emerge from it more aware about ourselves, architectural context, and the environment.

إن الأزمة التي نعيشها اليوم استثنائية، وعالمية، وذات آثار كبيرة، حيث أثرت على كافة القطاعات، وسيكون لها نتائج كبيرة على مستقبلنا. لذلك، من الحكمة أن لا يمر هذا الحدث دون أن نستفيد منه، فعلينا أن نقيّم أسلوب حياتنا، وأن نخطط لإجراء تغييرات جذرية في جوانب عديدة اعتدنا عليها سواءً كنا أفراداً أم حكومات.

ولعل أحد أهم هذه النواحي هو إعادة النظر في نماذجنا العمرانية وأسلوب التمدد الحضري الذي اعتدنا عليه خلال الخمسين سنة الماضية. وكأفراد، ربما علينا إعادة النظر في عاداتنا الاستهلاكية بشكل عام، ومراجعة شكل المسكن الذي دأبنا نحلم به.

وفيما يلي نسرد بعض الجوانب التي يجب علينا أن نغيرها في منازلنا بعد جائحة الكورونا:

• البساطة:

تعلمنا الأزمة الاقتصاد والتوفير. لذلك، علينا أن نسعى إلى تحقيق التصاميم البسيطة التي تقلل ولا تزيد، وتخفض ولا ترفع، وتلغي ولا تضيف، وأن نقتنع فعلاً بأن الجمال في البساطة، والأقل هو الأكثر.

• حجم المنازل:  

علينا أن نعيد النظر في أحجام منازلنا، وأن نكتفي بحاجتنا الحقيقة، وأن نبني ما يلبي أسلوب حياتنا اليومي فقط. ويجب أن ننظر إلى المنزل كوسيلة راحة لنا وليس كمنتج استهلاكي للتفاخر الاجتماعي، وأن ندرك أن المنزل الصغير أضحى ضرورة لتوفير الموارد، واستهلاك الطاقة والماء.

• الخصوصية:  

كنا نردد دوماً أن الخصوصية هي جوهر العمارة الإسلامية والعربية. ولكن في الواقع، وتدريجياً، خسرت منازلنا الكثير من خصائصها. ومع ساعات الحظر الطويلة، بدأنا ندرك أهمية هذا التوجه الفريد في التصميم، وحاجة الأفراد بمختلف أعمارهم وفئاتهم للخصوصية لما لها من دور أساسي في رفع مستوى الراحة.

• البيئة الخارجية:  

أظهرت أيام الحظر وفتراته الطويلة لنا مدى حاجة الإنسان للاستمتاع بالبيئة الخارجية، وكنا نظن أن منازلنا وما تحويه من وسائل راحة حديثة تغنينا عن الحاجة عن الفراغ الخارجي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان المُلاك يعتقدون أن أي فناء أو ارتداد أو شرفة ما هو إلا إهدار للمساحة وهدر في كفاءة التصميم، إلا أن ظروف الحظر ستدفعنا للاهتمام أكثر بتوفير فناء خارجي، وحديقة، وإضافة الشرفات، واستغلال الأسطح بشكل أفضل.

• المواد الصحية:

نبهتنا جائحة كورونا لجوانب صحية كثيرة كنا نغفلها ولا نوليها أي اهتمام. واليوم أدركنا أهمية اختيار مواد البناء والتشطيب. إن الاختيار المناسب للمواد يجعل مساكننا أكثر أمناً. ولقد أدركنا أهمية استخدام أسطح قابلة للتنظيف ومقاومة للجراثيم، وأن نختار مواد الأرضيات، والجدران، والأثاث بعناية.

• البرنامج المساحي:

نبهنا الحظر والأيام التي نقضيها في المنزل لإعادة النظر في توزيع مساحات مساكننا. ولعلنا أدركنا الآن أن هناك مساحات لم تكن ضرورية، في حين برزت مساحات أخرى أكثر أهمية. ربما نكون بالغنا في مساحة غرف الاستقبال والضيافة، ولمسنا الحاجة لفراغات أكثر أهمية كالمخازن، وغرف التمارين الرياضية، والمكتب، والمكتبة، وغيرها. ويجب أن ننتبه أيضاً إلى تصميم مداخل المنزل، والحرص على إنشائها بحيث تخلق فراغاً يفصل الخارج عن الداخل، ويحول دون دخول الجراثيم.

• توفير الطاقة:

منذ فترة من الزمن، دعا الكثير من المعماريين إلى ضرورة الاهتمام بالمباني الخضراء والتصاميم التي تراعي البيئة المحلية، إلا أنها لم تلق قبول العامة، لاسيما في ظل الأسعار المتدنية لاستهلاك الكهرباء والماء في دول الخليج العربي. ولكن، بعد ظهور الوباء، وبروز أخطار مرتبطة باحتمالات تأثر محطات توليد الطاقة، والزيادة المرتقبة على الاستهلاك في موسم الصيف، خاصة مع توقف حركة النقل والسياحة، وعدم سفر المقيمين بشكل موسمي، الأمر الذي سيضعنا أمام اختبار غير مألوف.

اليوم أصبح لزاماً علينا أن نعيد النظر في تصميم منازلنا، وأن نتبع معايير التصميم السلبي (Passive)، وأن نهتم أكثر بالعزل الحراري، ونقلل من استخدام الواجهات الزجاجية، وأن نوظف وسائل التقنية الحديثة لكي نوفر الطاقة. وربما نستخدم أجهزة الطاقة البديلة ووسائل إعادة تدوير المياه ما أمكن ذلك.

• الأمن:

إن هذه الأزمة تمر في مراحل، وأحياناً تبرز معها تحديات متعلقة بالأمن والسلامة، وهذا يجب أن يدفعنا إلى مراعاة الجوانب الأمنية عند تصميم وبناء منازلنا، مثل: الحرص على تصميم الأبواب، والنوافذ، والأسوار، وتزويد منازلنا بوسائل التقنية، مثل: أجهزة المراقبة، والإنذار، والاتصال، وغيرها.

وختاماً، هذه أفكار مازالت تحت الإعداد والتطوير، ولعل الأيام القادمة – في ظل الجائحة – تكشف لنا مزيداً من الإلهام. وسنتجاوز الأزمة قريباً بإذن الله، لكن الأهم أن نكون قد استفدنا من هذه الأزمة الدروس والعبر، وأن نخرج منها أكثر وعياً بذواتنا، ومحيطنا، وبيئتنا.