أرشيف الوسم: cities

لطالما ارتبطت التنمية الحضرية بالاستهلاك – مراكز التسوق، وناطحات السحاب، والمناطق السياحية، والمضاربة العقارية. لكن النمو القائم على الاستهلاك يُعمّق عدم المساواة، ويستنزف الموارد، ويُحوّل المواطنين إلى مستهلكين سلبيين. لذلك بينما نمضي نحو إنشاء المزيد من المدن ونواصل من التوسع الحضري فنحن بحاجة إلى تحول أعمق حين تصبح المدن منتجة اقتصاديًا، واجتماعيًا، وبيئيًا، وثقافيًا. ومصممة وفق متطلبات واحتياجات مستخدميها.

وذلك ما أشارت إليه جين جاكوبس ببراعة قائلةً: “تمتلك المدن القدرة على توفير شيء للجميع، فقط لأنها، وعندما، يُنشئها الجميع.”  تُذكّرنا كلماتها بأن المدن الناجحة لا تُشكّل من الأعلى إلى الأسفل، بل من القاعدة الشعبية أولأً، أي من خلال مساهمة الناس بفاعلية، وليس مجرد تلقيهم المنتج النهائي.

لبناء مدن منتجة، يجب أن نبدأ بوضع اقتصادات منتجة في مركزها. بدلًا من النظر لها كمنتجات عقارية أوإعطاء الأولوية لاستهلاك، ينبغي على المدن الاستثمار في مراكز الإنتاج والابتكار والتطوير المحلية. وبذلك، تُقلل المدن من الاعتماد على الموارد، وتُحفّز فرص العمل، وتُعيد تدوير القيمة محلياً.

ولذلك يجب أن يُعزز التصميم الحضري المجتمعات المُنتجة – الحدائق التعاونية، وورش العمل المشتركة، ومختبرات المواطنين، والتجمعات الثقافية – وليس مجرد مناطق سكنية واستهلاكية وترفيهية. وبذلك تُحوّل هذه المساحات السكان إلى مُشاركين في خلق بيئتهم.

ومن الناحية البيئية، يجب على المدن أن تُولّد الحياة لا أن تستهلكها. وقد لاحظ لويس مومفورد أن “الوظيفة الرئيسية للمدينة هي تحويل الطاقة إلى شكل، والطاقة إلى ثقافة، والمواد الخام إلى رموز فنية حية، والتكاثر البيولوجي إلى إبداع اجتماعي”.

بعبارة أخرى، لا ينبغي أن تدعم البنية التحتية الاستهلاك فحسب (الطرق وشبكات المياه والصرف الصحي ومواقف السيارات، وأنظمة تكييف الهواء).  بل ينبغي أن تُنتج الطاقة، وتُولّد المياه النظيفة، وتُحوّل النفايات العضوية إلى طاقة أو سماد، وتُدمج الأنظمة الخضراء في النسيج الحضري.

وأخيرًا، يجب أن تعكس الحوكمة الإنتاج. يجب أن يكون التخطيط والميزانية متلازمين، وأن يُوجّها سلطة اتخاذ القرار إلى المجتمعات المحلية حتى تُصبح المجتمعات مُنتجة للسياسات، لا مجرد مُشاركة فيها.

حيث أن مدننا حالياً تؤدي فقط لتغذية المزيد من الاستهلاك وفرضه على الناس.  بينما المدن المنتجة تسعى لخلق القيمة المادية والثقافية من الداخل. وقد حذّرت جاكوبس في موضع آخر: “لا يوجد منطق يُمكن فرضه على المدينة؛ فالناس هم من يصنعونها، وعلينا أن نُلائم خططنا معهم، لا مع المباني”. إذا انتبهنا لهذه الحكمة، يُمكن لمستقبلنا الحضري أن يتطور من الاستهلاك السلبي إلى الإبداع النشط – حيث نبني مستقبلاً مستداماً، عادلاً، صانعاً للدخل ونابضاً بالحياة.

Urban development has long been associated with consumption – shopping malls, skyscrapers, tourist areas, and real estate speculation. But consumption-driven growth deepens inequality, drains resources, and turns citizens into passive consumers. As we move towards the creation of new cities and more urban sprawl, we need a more profound transformation to make cities economically, socially, environmentally, and culturally productive. Cities are designed according to the requirements and needs of their users. This is how Jane Jacobs brilliantly pointed out this shift: “Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, everybody creates them.”

Her words remind us that successful cities are not formed from the top down but from the grassroots up, through people’s active contributions, not just as recipients of welfare and housing products.

To build productive cities, we must start by putting productive economies at their center. Instead of viewing them as real estate products or prioritizing consumption, cities should invest in local production, innovation, and development centers. In doing so, cities reduce reliance on resources, stimulate jobs, and recycle value locally.

Urban design must foster productive communities – collaborative gardens, shared workshops, citizen labs, cultural gatherings – not just residential, consumer, and recreational areas.  These spaces thus transform the inhabitants into participants in the creation of their environment.
Environmentally, cities should generate life, not consume it. Lewis Mumford has observed that “the chief function of the city is to convert power into form, energy into culture, dead matter into the living symbols of art, biological reproduction into social creativity”.

In other words, infrastructure should not only support consumption (roads, water and sewage networks, parking spaces, and air conditioning systems).  They should produce energy, generate clean water, compost organic waste, and integrate green systems into the urban fabric.

Finally, governance must reflect production. Planning and budgeting must align and be participatory, with decision-making power channeled to communities so they become policy producers, not mere participants.

Whereas our cities are currently only seeking to attract and feed more consumption that is forced upon citizens. Productive cities strive to create material and cultural value from within.  Jacobs warned elsewhere: “There is no logic that can be superimposed on the city; people make it, and it is to them, not buildings, that we must fit our plans.”
If we pay attention to this wisdom, our urban future can evolve from passive consumption to active creativity – building a sustainable, just, income-generating, and vibrant future.

The newspapers have published the news about the proposal by the municipal council members to establish an independent municipality for Kuwait City. Dr. Sharifa Al-Shalfan, Eng. Farah Al-Roumi and Eng. Abdullatif Al-Dai submitted a proposal to establish an independent municipality for Kuwait City. This municipality would have a separate budget and particular organizational structure that adheres to the municipality’s regulations with the aim of raising the level of services offered. This is an excellent proposal that could contribute to the dismantling of government centralization and potentially serve as a first step in establishing more independent municipalities in all governorates, including the new cities like Al-Mutla’a, Saad Al-Abdullah, Sabah Al-Ahmad, and others.

People are often motivated to care for their cities due to the spiritual connection that binds them to the historic town. Nostalgia drives them to envision a positive, idealized past. Some elders and professionals people reminisce about the picturesque history of Kuwait City, recalling its walls, houses, ferjan, markets, beaches, seas, and other aspects of pre-oil social life. Specialists are working to leverage these features to shape the modern and future vision of Kuwait City while preserving the remaining historical monuments.

However, a major obstacle to this trend is that most citizens are not inclined to return to the old city’s image. Many who lived before the oil era appreciate the comforts of modernity, such as private vehicles, modern homes, residential suburbs, and amenities. The younger generation, on the other hand, has limited knowledge of the pre-oil era, often exposed to superficial glimpses of the past, through media or educational curricula. Media stereotypes about neighboring regional cities with their high-rise towers, highways, and architectural landmarks influence perceptions.

Furthermore, the systematic destruction of historic Kuwait City is irreversible. The city has been depopulated, erasing its original urban fabric, with the majority of its old buildings being demolished and replaced with modern facilities. Additionally, the completion of the First Ring Road Project further divided the city into two and dismantled its already fragmented fabric.

Kuwait City, as the capital, remains essential, serving as the nucleus of the state, the center of governance, and a hub of commercial activities. To salvage what remains and steer urban development in the right direction, the following steps should be taken:

• Promote the preservation of Kuwait City as a historical site with spiritual significance even though few physical artifacts remain.
• To undertake small-scale interventions and urban experiments to improve the city’s-built environment, serving as pilot studies for replication.
• Initiate the revitalization of the city by encouraging different segments of society to reside within its limits. A thriving city with permanent residents will foster interest in the place and create a vibrant environment round the clock.
• The establishment of the Kuwait City Municipality will undoubtedly contribute to the city’s development. It would concentrate efforts, define responsibilities, and streamline the complex bureaucracy complexities. Therefore, I would like to express my gratitude to the members of the Municipal Council for this valuable proposal.

Last week, Kuwait’s National Assembly passed the law on the establishment of housing cities, which was widely accepted and met with a lot of enthusiasm by a large segment of citizens and interested parties. Many politicians considered it a valuable achievement and proof of the fulfillment of some electoral promises.

Without a doubt, the law is a step in the right direction and a valuable opportunity for the government and the private sector to get out of the stalemate and monotony and to try to launch constructive cooperation between the two sectors that benefits citizens. It should be emphasized that no one claimed that the law offers a comprehensive solution to the housing problem or magically overcomes the phenomenon of the frantic rise in residential real estate prices in the State of Kuwait.

The reader’s reaction shows that the law did not live up to the ambition of the private sector. In its current form, it does not allow the free market to contribute directly to the provision of housing products according to the mechanisms of supply and demand. However, global experiences have proven that free market mechanisms lead to greater economic growth and provide wider alternatives for consumers at competitive prices for all types of goods, including housing goods.

However, after decades of political tensions, the Kuwaiti legislator was keen to take into account the nature of the local political system and took into account the citizen’s suspicion of the practices within the business and financial spheres. Accordingly, the law opened the way for international companies to compete with local companies to enhance competition and benefit from international experiences. The law also limited participants to public shareholding companies, and the subscription to them should be public, and the percentage of investors should not exceed 49%. These conditions are intended to reassure citizens by ensuring strict restrictions on private sector practices.

Despite the limitations of the law and the additional restrictions that the executive regulations of the law may set, the real challenge remains for the private sector to take the initiative to take advantage of this opportunity and to provide creative solutions that contribute, even in a small way, to solving aspects of the obstacles to the implementation of cities and residential suburbs. The private sector can only prove its seriousness and efficiency through the success of its initiatives and the provision of housing products that surpass the traditional model to which Kuwaiti citizens are accustomed.

This law is a small step in the right direction, but it does not address the root of the housing problem, which is to change the urban consumption pattern to which Kuwaiti citizens are accustomed. Thenumericalgrowth of the populationof the State of Kuwaitand the limitedrevenues of the Statedoesnotallowfor the continuation of the successiveexpansionandtheencouragementofextensivespendingonhousingunits.

The model of total dependence on central state institutions to continue providing housingcareto100%ofcitizensisillogical and economicallyunhealthyinthelongrun.

From an urban planning point of view, the law does not meet the ambitions of professionals. The continuous expansion of the urban area at an unsustainable pace continues to spur the state budget to provide services, utilities, and facilities. Additionally, the establishment of a housing unit model of 400 square meters per Kuwaiti family is still encouraged. This model is universally exceptional and does not correspond to the diverse nature of human beings and their changing needs.

The law will not change the urban reality, nor will it create smart or environmentally friendly cities for us. We will not see advanced roads, efficient public transportation, and pedestrian and bicycle paths, nor will good public spaces, parks, or unique architectural buildings.

But at best, the law will stimulate the private sector, unlock investment and commercial opportunities, and speed up the completion of housing projects. This is a significant achievement and a step towards further positive transformation in addressing the housing issue.