أرشيف الوسم: growth

This post stresses the interchangeable relationship between citizens and the built environment. A city’s success depends on the acts of its citizens, as their ability to lead a good life depends greatly on the quality of their city, the urban milieu, and implemented governance systems.

Citizen is defined as a “member of a political group that enjoys citizenship rights and carries its duties”. Encyclopedia Britannica defines citizenship as the “relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance, and in turn, is entitled to its protection”. Citizenship implies the status of freedom with accompanying responsibilities. Being a citizen of a specific city entails a wider notion; it is a feeling that a successful city gives and contributes to its development.

Civic spirit is reflective of how citizens view and can act within their city. Cities flourish through their citizens. The success and happiness of citizens depend on the quality of the built environment. The more the relationship between citizens and their city is characterized as positive, the more their feeling of pride increases, and the civic spirit and civic society thrives alongside it.

The active “good” citizen establishes a successful city that facilitates his/her life, protecting him/her from fear, hunger, anxiety, and all forms of discomfort. However, planning is crucial to creating such a city, as successful cities are not built by chance but created by clear visions, good plans, and fierce commitment. Urban Planning and urban design are crucial to creating an urban environment that incubates citizens and provides all of their necessary means. Thus, what are the conditions for such interchangeable relations between citizens and their city?

Law abiding citizen and fair city

A conformist citizen, whether a leader or follower, is a law-abiding, ethical, and honest in all his/her dealings. He/she is a generous citizen that seeks to assist those in need and creates opportunities to facilitate the success of others. Moreover, such citizens need a city that does not tolerate corruption and enforces sound, fair, and smooth procedures.

Active citizen within an open city:

A good city needs active participant citizens — who hold a high sense of individuality and responsibility. Such citizens participate in public debates and express their opinion in a positive manner. Further, they seek to contribute to the enhancement of other lives and the creation of solutions to help all of their city’s members. Similarly, citizens need a city that welcomes all and provides spaces for debate and the exchange of ideas. These cities must also value freedom and protects the right of all.

Creative citizen and an environment that stimulates creativity:

A successful city requires vigilant, aware citizens with clear goals. These citizens must also notice areas of weakness and search for solutions and provide initiates and proposals. At the same time, the city must be open and flexible enough to encourage public gathering and the exchange of ideas — while providing resources for its citizens to accomplish their projects and dreams

البيروقراطيةُ في مدينة البُعد الواحد مصيبةٌ، فبينما البيروقراطية لُغوياً تعني ذلك الجهاز الحكومي الإداري غير المنتخب والذي يُدير ويضع السياسات العامة في مدينةٍ أو دولةٍ ما.  إلا أنَّها مجازياً تعني التضخُّم، والتعقيد، والغموض، والجمود والانغلاق، والبطء.

إنَّ كلَّ مدينةٍ ذات مشروعٍ تنمويٍّ ورؤيةٍ مستقبليةٍ، لا يمكنها أن تنجح مع تجاهل هذا المرض المقيت الذي يقتل الطموح، ويعرقل التطور، ويُعيق نجاح الأعمال.

إنَّ البيروقراطية تهدر الوقت والجهد، فكلُّ عملٍ تجاريٍّ أو مؤسسيٍّ، له وظيفةٌ أساسيةٌ، وأعمالٌ مكمّلةٌ ثانويةٌ. و في الظروف المثالية يجب أن لا يتجاوز المجهود المبذول في الأعمال الثانوية نسبة الـ 20%، فعلى سبيل المثال يجب أن يبذل المكتب الهندسي 80% من وقت موظفيه، وصرف موارده على التصميم الهندسي، وتطوير الأداء، وتحسين العمليات، وكلما تناقصت هذه النسبة لصالح الأعمال الثانوية: كالمعاملات الحكومية، و إجراءات التراخيص و خلافها، انخفضت جودة المنتج، وتعرض العمل لخسائر ماديةٍ.

و من جهةٍ أخرى، فإنَّ البيروقراطية تؤدي للغموض، فالمدن البيروقراطية لديها خططٌ لا يُعلن عنها، والتي يُعلن عنها لا تُطبَّق في توقيتها، وكثيرٍ من المناقصات تُطرح ويتأخر صدور قرارات ترسيتها، وإنَّ العديد من العقود التي أَرْسَت يتأخر توقيع عقودها لفتراتٍ طويلة، فكيف يمكن لقطاع الأعمال أنْ يتعايش في ظل بيئةٍ يسودها الغموض، فالغموض يَحول دون إمكانية استشراف المستقبل، وتخصيص الموارد البشرية والمادية اللازمة مع المحافظة عليها.

البيروقراطية تجعل المدن مغلقةً، و تفرض قوانين مقيدةً على الإقامة والعمل، كما أنَّ الحكومة في مدينة البُعد الواحد تتدخل بشكل كبير في تفاصيل غير مجدية لا يجب أن تعنيها، فالهيئات الحكومية أصبحت تُقدِّر العَمالة والمهن بجمودٍ، وتَفصل في طبيعة العقود، وتتدخل في شكل التعاقد بين الموظف والشركة، بالإضافة إلى قائمة طويلة من الاشتراطات التي تتطلب خبيراً متفرغاً، ومندوباُ حَذقاً، وعلاقاتٍ اجتماعيةٍ غنيةٍ ومتشعبةٍ حتى تتيح للشركة أن تمارس عملها بسلاسة.

البيروقراطية في مدينة البُعد الواحد، جامدةٌ وبطيئةٌ، فبينما يتسارع إيقاع الحياة، وتُقلِّص بيئة الأعمال الذكية الزمن والمسافة، تعملُ البيروقراطية عائقاً أمام السرعة وحاجزاً أمام التغيير،  فهي بذلك تفتقر للريادة، وتُضيِّع الفرص، وتطرد المبدعين.

إنَّ مدينة البُعد الواحد البيروقراطية، يحكمها غير الأكفّاء وغير المؤهلين، فالنظام البيروقراطي به طارد للأكفَّاء، ولا يستوعب الأذكياء والمبدعين والمخلصين.

وختاماً فالمدينة الطَّموحة يجب أن تُولِي أولوية كبيرة للقضاء على البيروقراطية الشائكة، وأن تسعى للشفافية، والانفتاح، والتسامح، وأن تُحارب الجمود، وتتأقلم مع الديناميكية الحميدة، وتُراعي المُضي بسرعةٍ تتلائم مع إيقاع الحياة العصرية.

Bureaucracy in the one-dimensional city proves catastrophic for a variety of reasons. Linguistically, bureaucracy refers to the unelected administrative governmental body that manages and makes policies in states and cities; while metaphorically, it denotes inflation, complexity, ambiguity, stagnation, obstinacy and sluggishness. Moreover, any city with a development project and future vision cannot succeed while ignoring this disease that kills ambition, impedes development and obstruct the success of businesses.

Bureaucracy wastes resources, time and effort. It is essential to note that every organization has main tasks and secondary supplementary activities. In ideal conditions, the effort spent on secondary tasks should not exceed 20%. For instance, a design firm must spend more than 80% of its time and resources on design, improvement of operations and production. The more this percentage decreases towards the secondary activities — such as governmental transactions, following up permits, etc. — the more the quality of the main product decreases, and the business suffers from financial losses.

Bureaucracy leads to ambiguity. Bureaucratic cities have unpublished plans, and those that are published are not accomplished on time. Further, many tenders are not awarded on time, and those that are awarded face prolonged delays. How can the private sector thrive in an ambiguous environment? Ambiguity deters future forecasting and the proper allocation of human and financial resources.

Bureaucracy leads to closed cities. It forces restricting laws for work and residency. Governments in One-dimensional cities intervene in unnecessary details. Governmental agencies estimate employees number, professions, review contracts and intercede in the type of contract between the employee and the employer. In addition to a long list of conditions and regulations that require a dedicated expert, a genius liaison officer and a rich and forked public relations to allow a business to conduct run smoothly.

In the one-dimensional city, Bureaucracy is rigid and slow. While life’s rhythm is speeding by, the smart business environment shrinks time and space. Indeed, bureaucracy is an obstacle in front of speed and a barrier to change. As such cities that suffer from bureaucracy cannot be pioneer any sector, waste chances and expel creative people and organizations.

The one-dimensional city is ruled by the incompetent and the unqualified. The bureaucratic system expels the competent and cannot absorb the smart, the creatives, and even more importantly, the sincere.

Finally, the ambitious city prioritizes the elimination of the thorny bureaucracy. To seek full transparency, openness, tolerance and the fight of stagnation. It must adapt to good dynamism and consider the need to progress at a speed that is adequate with contemporary life.

As discussed in the previous post, the process of modernization leads to the transformation of our cities into what we refer as “One Dimensional Cities” and is based on the characteristics of standardization.

While markets today provide unlimited selections of products and services, cities and buildings are moving toward standardization. However, it is unsuitable to have a standard design for all our residential districts and neighborhoods. Further, it is not adequate to have a major public building with the same identical design located in the south and the north of country.

One method of resisting standardization is to discover and preserve a city’s soul. A city’s soul manifests in the preservation of historical buildings and in the protection of its unique social and cultural activities. Moreover, the soul of the city resides in its residents and encompasses their potential for creativity and reinterpretation of the latest trends.

A community’s limited vision and weakness of thought lead many cities to seek out becoming global cities. This simply materializes as mimicking other commercial experiences that are thought to be successful. Here, we can see clear similarities between Dubai, King Abdullah Economic City, Silk City and NEOM.

A city that falls in the trap of standardization loses a major competitive edge while weakening its ability to attract residents, visitors and investors.

The key to a unique city is “Authenticity”. As communities lose their authenticity, naturally, their cities lose it as well. When we lose our local accent to global languages and change local dress to international fashion trends, we allow foreign typologies to dominate our cities. The issue is not only in the aesthetics, but as Sharon Zukin states “a city is authentic if it can create the experience of origins.”

Cities can resist standardization and fulfil their potential by:

1 – Protecting historical buildings and reviving historical neighborhoods that contain memories, meanings and symbolic values.

2 – Preserve unique residential neighborhoods, distinguishing each and strengthening a community’s characteristics.

3 – Support local businesses and local brands, protect and promote them.

4 – Support local religious, cultural, non-profit organizations and allow them to be present in cities and practice.

5 – Support creativity in architecture, urban design and landscape architecture. Develop a deep understanding that distinguishes between mere modern forms of architecture and forms that stem directly from a culture and place.