أرشيف الوسم: NEOM

We are back to the usual traffic congestion starting with the school year. Most people complain, some put forward suggestions and proposals to tackle the issue, and many blame the responsible road/traffic authorities. There have been calls upon the Ministry of Education to alternate official school day timings, in an effort to try and relieve the problem. However, others have suggested more radical solutions that call for a ban on issuing driving licenses for foreigners and preventing them from owning private cars! This scenario inevitably repeats every year without progress, change, or resolution.

One cannot deny the efforts made by the Ministry of Public Works, and the Public Authority of Roads and Transportation, who are responsible for the mega projects underway that are changing the face of Kuwait’s roadways; many of which are still in the design and/or construction phases. While we feel some improvement in terms of journey duration with each projects completion, the effect isn’t lasting and quickly returns to its previous, terrible state.

Of course, it is an undeniable truth that traffic congestion is a positive sign of growth, prosperity, and attractiveness in a city. According to the Central Agency of Statistics, the number of private cars had reached 2,300,000 at the end of 2019. At the same time, the total population reached 4,400,000, meaning that there is one vehicle for every two residents in Kuwait; a high percentage indeed. However, despite the vehicle numbers, the quality of mobility really depends on the metropolitan area.

It has become crucial to understand the negative effect of traffic congestion. Kuwait’s urban transport conditions are terrible, and is the result of years of neglect, alongside a series of arbitrary decisions that have led to the current urban environment situation. It also has a corresponding high economic cost; many commercial activities lose possible customers due to bad traffic. Also, there is a time cost to be considered with congestion, where most of the labor force endure daily delays that costs the economy more than 633 million KD per year.

Various studies confirm a direct relationship between the daily experience of traffic congestion, and the decline of mental health, such as high-stress levels, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, traffic congestion is considered among the leading causes of environmental pollution, both due to noise, and low air quality, which leads to various health threats.

We must realize that there are no magic solutions, and we won’t be able to improve the condition through more capital being spent on roads and bridges. We won’t achieve a sound urban environment without a willingness to change our lifestyle, and make some sacrifices. Thus, any corrective measures will not be readily accepted by the public, and would face significant opposition. The below set of recommendations is intended to guide decision-makers and those working in the urban development field:

• Review all urban planning policies, and re-evaluate our land use to achieve balanced distributions and more mixed land uses. This should reduce the need for mobility and the use of private vehicles.

• Invest in public transport; directly fund public bus networks to attract more users, and revive the metro project, despite economic unfeasibility. Also, re-evaluate the condition of taxis, and improve performance through the development of systems, standard types of vehicles, and mandatory driver standards.

• In parallel with the provision of public transport alternatives, introduce policies to reduce the use of private vehicles by increasing the cost of issuing licenses and registration fees, fuel prices, and parking fares, especially in commercial centers.

• There is no other country where all students go to school by private car, and no university in the world matches Kuwait’s for the number of students who own personal vehicles. It is crucial to impose collective transport on students, which would make a giant leap towards changing the culture of using public transport in the long run.

• Create residential neighborhoods with the necessary services to lower travel needs, and provide pedestrian networks and bike lanes. Introduce measures to limit speed and increase safety, to encourage youth and children’s walkability.

• Encourage working from home, in both public and private sectors, utilizing modern technology. The speedy activation of the small business license allows Kuwaitis to use home addresses for various businesses. At present this process still faces bureaucratic obstacles and regulations that fail to understand the programs value and the spirit of the time we live in.

These broad lines could create a significant shift in the urban environment of Kuwait, and ignite a cultural transformation. However, these will not succeed without specialists, and a credible team with a futuristic vision willing to face the prevailing views, to achieve a change for the public good and serve future generations.

Kuwait was struck by the fire that broke out at the Al Mubarakiya Market (the main souq of Kuwait). The fire damaged a significant portion of the market and caused irreparable damage. This fire left another wound in Kuwait City, and we hope it can be repaired soon and in the best manner.

Currently, specialists and architects are concerned about how the government will approach repairing the fire damage. They are worried that the process will fall victim to state bureaucracy, neglect, and even worse, alternative schemes for the site, which will destroy what remains of the identity of this wounded city.

Kuwait City is the capital of a modern state with massive resources that have the potential to provide an outstanding urban model. This city’s many vital constituents could be the basis for a rich civil center. However, inadequate planning and ignorance led to its current deterioration.

The rich coastline and traditional ports are where many Kuwaitis previously built their livelihood around. They were not adequately preserved and or developed. Additionally, Kuwait City was initially divided into three distinct areas that could have been utilized to preserve the unique character of Kuwait. However, the modernization efforts have erased or covered over many of its landmarks.

The early master plans advocated preserving Kuwait City’s remaining historic buildings. These plans protected the densities from commercial uses. They also proposed the reduction of building heights. More importantly, the plans recommended the increase of housing within the city to create the desired land use balance.

However, with time and a lack of vision, Kuwait city saw a series of decisions that negatively impacted its character and left the city with chronic wounds. Such as:

• • • • • An early compulsive takeover led to the demolishment of the vast majority of traditional mud houses within the city boundary, destroying the city’s urban fabric.
        • The first ring road project, which gave priority to private vehicles, led to a highway that disconnected the city and lowered its accessibility.
        • During the last few years, we saw a series of decisions that prompted the demolishing of various modern architectural landmarks with a unique architectural and historical value, such as (the Al Hambra Cinema, Al Sawaber complex skating ring, lately the Justice Palace, and others.
        • In addition, the negligence of large areas of open unutilized governmental lands within the city boundaries that are random parking yards contributed to the mutilation of the city.

The failure of national-level planning led to the deteriorating condition of Kuwait City and the random transformation of its land uses and densities. While the local market expanded and consumption multiplied, the market did not provide venues to absorb the expansion. The market also imposed a reorganization of the city. We saw the building of various highrise towers and multiple shopping malls, leading to wider roads and bigger multi-story car parking buildings. All this damaged the urban fabric and defected the city.

To develop the city, we need a comprehensive vision for the state, allocating the necessary resources and overcoming all obstacles. And the deployment of teams of specialized and competent members. Further, because it’s Kuwait city, the wounded capital, it has to be treated.

Every now and then, GCC citizens wake up to a new announcement for the launch of another novel megaproject. These megaprojects often share the same promises and goals, such as creating financial centers, attracting foreign investments, job creation, transfer of knowledge, an alternative income stream, or economy diversification. Past projects include Silk city in Kuwait, NEOM and the unique Line in KSA, the Duqm in Oman as well as many others. Unfortunately, the problem is that more often than not, these mega builds deliver on only a fraction of their stated promises.

The primary issue with these megaprojects is their clear lack of citizen participation. Despite elaborate marketing campaigns directed at the public, the projects rarely manifest from community input or interests. Lofty promises are made by organizers, and citizens remain skeptical. Further, these ambitious plans ask citizens to make sacrifices and contribute to their success, even though community members feel alienated throughout the process.

We cannot deny the positive impacts generated by these projects and the wide international coverage they receive. They infer attempts to move the stagnant economy and escape the repetition of traditional endeavors that proved unsuccessful in the past. Nevertheless, we must raise some worthy questions, as projects of this scale should not pass without careful study and examination. If the project fails, it’s very difficult to undo without high economic, social, and environmental costs.

Here are the questions to ask when considering a megaproject:

• Do the GCC countries have the luxury of investing future generations’ funds for immature/high-risk projects?
• Are these projects worth risking untouched land that is financially and environmentally costly to develop while ignoring existing urban centers suffering from complex problems and when GCC countries face an unprecedented lack of financial/human resources?
• Can the Arabian Peninsula accommodate an additional influx of migrant workers, population, tourists, and consumers? Were the associated environmental and financial costs resulting from further urban sprawl and population expansion taken into consideration?
• Will GCC countries truly benefit from this project, or does it only serve to add another item on the portfolio of international mega consultancies and contracting companies?
• Should national investments of this scale necessitate more citizen participation?

In this moment, we are moving against the current. Nations worldwide invest in wise valuable projects where the environment, conservation, and recycling are all priorities. Advanced nations approach projects with an intense analysis of cost and returns. Contemporary successful projects are local, compact, smart, and efficient, while our present proposals are foreign, mega, conventional and wasteful.

إن الأزمة التي نعيشها اليوم استثنائية، وعالمية، وذات آثار كبيرة، حيث أثرت على كافة القطاعات، وسيكون لها نتائج كبيرة على مستقبلنا. لذلك، من الحكمة أن لا يمر هذا الحدث دون أن نستفيد منه، فعلينا أن نقيّم أسلوب حياتنا، وأن نخطط لإجراء تغييرات جذرية في جوانب عديدة اعتدنا عليها سواءً كنا أفراداً أم حكومات.

ولعل أحد أهم هذه النواحي هو إعادة النظر في نماذجنا العمرانية وأسلوب التمدد الحضري الذي اعتدنا عليه خلال الخمسين سنة الماضية. وكأفراد، ربما علينا إعادة النظر في عاداتنا الاستهلاكية بشكل عام، ومراجعة شكل المسكن الذي دأبنا نحلم به.

وفيما يلي نسرد بعض الجوانب التي يجب علينا أن نغيرها في منازلنا بعد جائحة الكورونا:

• البساطة:

تعلمنا الأزمة الاقتصاد والتوفير. لذلك، علينا أن نسعى إلى تحقيق التصاميم البسيطة التي تقلل ولا تزيد، وتخفض ولا ترفع، وتلغي ولا تضيف، وأن نقتنع فعلاً بأن الجمال في البساطة، والأقل هو الأكثر.

• حجم المنازل:  

علينا أن نعيد النظر في أحجام منازلنا، وأن نكتفي بحاجتنا الحقيقة، وأن نبني ما يلبي أسلوب حياتنا اليومي فقط. ويجب أن ننظر إلى المنزل كوسيلة راحة لنا وليس كمنتج استهلاكي للتفاخر الاجتماعي، وأن ندرك أن المنزل الصغير أضحى ضرورة لتوفير الموارد، واستهلاك الطاقة والماء.

• الخصوصية:  

كنا نردد دوماً أن الخصوصية هي جوهر العمارة الإسلامية والعربية. ولكن في الواقع، وتدريجياً، خسرت منازلنا الكثير من خصائصها. ومع ساعات الحظر الطويلة، بدأنا ندرك أهمية هذا التوجه الفريد في التصميم، وحاجة الأفراد بمختلف أعمارهم وفئاتهم للخصوصية لما لها من دور أساسي في رفع مستوى الراحة.

• البيئة الخارجية:  

أظهرت أيام الحظر وفتراته الطويلة لنا مدى حاجة الإنسان للاستمتاع بالبيئة الخارجية، وكنا نظن أن منازلنا وما تحويه من وسائل راحة حديثة تغنينا عن الحاجة عن الفراغ الخارجي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، كان المُلاك يعتقدون أن أي فناء أو ارتداد أو شرفة ما هو إلا إهدار للمساحة وهدر في كفاءة التصميم، إلا أن ظروف الحظر ستدفعنا للاهتمام أكثر بتوفير فناء خارجي، وحديقة، وإضافة الشرفات، واستغلال الأسطح بشكل أفضل.

• المواد الصحية:

نبهتنا جائحة كورونا لجوانب صحية كثيرة كنا نغفلها ولا نوليها أي اهتمام. واليوم أدركنا أهمية اختيار مواد البناء والتشطيب. إن الاختيار المناسب للمواد يجعل مساكننا أكثر أمناً. ولقد أدركنا أهمية استخدام أسطح قابلة للتنظيف ومقاومة للجراثيم، وأن نختار مواد الأرضيات، والجدران، والأثاث بعناية.

• البرنامج المساحي:

نبهنا الحظر والأيام التي نقضيها في المنزل لإعادة النظر في توزيع مساحات مساكننا. ولعلنا أدركنا الآن أن هناك مساحات لم تكن ضرورية، في حين برزت مساحات أخرى أكثر أهمية. ربما نكون بالغنا في مساحة غرف الاستقبال والضيافة، ولمسنا الحاجة لفراغات أكثر أهمية كالمخازن، وغرف التمارين الرياضية، والمكتب، والمكتبة، وغيرها. ويجب أن ننتبه أيضاً إلى تصميم مداخل المنزل، والحرص على إنشائها بحيث تخلق فراغاً يفصل الخارج عن الداخل، ويحول دون دخول الجراثيم.

• توفير الطاقة:

منذ فترة من الزمن، دعا الكثير من المعماريين إلى ضرورة الاهتمام بالمباني الخضراء والتصاميم التي تراعي البيئة المحلية، إلا أنها لم تلق قبول العامة، لاسيما في ظل الأسعار المتدنية لاستهلاك الكهرباء والماء في دول الخليج العربي. ولكن، بعد ظهور الوباء، وبروز أخطار مرتبطة باحتمالات تأثر محطات توليد الطاقة، والزيادة المرتقبة على الاستهلاك في موسم الصيف، خاصة مع توقف حركة النقل والسياحة، وعدم سفر المقيمين بشكل موسمي، الأمر الذي سيضعنا أمام اختبار غير مألوف.

اليوم أصبح لزاماً علينا أن نعيد النظر في تصميم منازلنا، وأن نتبع معايير التصميم السلبي (Passive)، وأن نهتم أكثر بالعزل الحراري، ونقلل من استخدام الواجهات الزجاجية، وأن نوظف وسائل التقنية الحديثة لكي نوفر الطاقة. وربما نستخدم أجهزة الطاقة البديلة ووسائل إعادة تدوير المياه ما أمكن ذلك.

• الأمن:

إن هذه الأزمة تمر في مراحل، وأحياناً تبرز معها تحديات متعلقة بالأمن والسلامة، وهذا يجب أن يدفعنا إلى مراعاة الجوانب الأمنية عند تصميم وبناء منازلنا، مثل: الحرص على تصميم الأبواب، والنوافذ، والأسوار، وتزويد منازلنا بوسائل التقنية، مثل: أجهزة المراقبة، والإنذار، والاتصال، وغيرها.

وختاماً، هذه أفكار مازالت تحت الإعداد والتطوير، ولعل الأيام القادمة – في ظل الجائحة – تكشف لنا مزيداً من الإلهام. وسنتجاوز الأزمة قريباً بإذن الله، لكن الأهم أن نكون قد استفدنا من هذه الأزمة الدروس والعبر، وأن نخرج منها أكثر وعياً بذواتنا، ومحيطنا، وبيئتنا.